⚠ Educational Use Only — The DASS-21 is a screening tool, not a diagnostic instrument. It does not provide a clinical diagnosis. If you score in the Severe or Extremely Severe range, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
21Items
3Subscales
~5 minEst. Time
FreeNo Sign-up

Free DASS-21 Test — Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scales Online

The DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21) measures the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress over the past week across three independent 7-item subscales. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) at UNSW and used globally in clinical and research settings. Each subscale produces a score with five severity levels — Normal through Extremely Severe. Complete 21 items, get instant bar chart results, and export a free printable PDF.

Free printable PDF — complete the test, export instantly, no account needed.
✓ Public domain — free to use: The DASS-21 is in the public domain, developed at the University of New South Wales. No license, fees, or restrictions for clinical, research, or educational use.

 DASS-21 Scoring Thresholds (scores = raw × 2)

LevelDepressionAnxietyStress
Normal0 – 90 – 70 – 14
Mild10 – 138 – 915 – 18
Moderate14 – 2010 – 1419 – 25
Severe21 – 2715 – 1926 – 33
Ext. Severe28+20+34+
Question 1 of 21 Auto-saved

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Depression0...
Anxiety0...
Stress0...

 DASS-21 Scoring Reference

LevelDepressionAnxietyStress
Normal0–90–70–14
Mild10–138–915–18
Moderate14–2010–1419–25
Severe21–2715–1926–33
Ext. Severe28+20+34+

Depression

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Anxiety

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Stress

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 Academic Citation

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)90128-7 Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239.

How to Use This Free DASS-21 Test

Step 01

Rate 21 statements

Rate how much each statement applied to you over the past week: 0 (not at all) to 3 (very much). Auto-saved throughout — never lose your progress.

Step 02

Scores × 2

Raw subscale scores (0–21 each) are multiplied by 2 to produce final scores (0–42). This converts DASS-21 scores to the same scale as the original 42-item version, enabling comparison with normative data.

Step 03

5 severity levels

Each subscale is classified as Normal, Mild, Moderate, Severe, or Extremely Severe using validated cut-off scores from Lovibond & Lovibond (1995) and Henry & Crawford (2005).

Step 04

Export free PDF

Save your complete results — bar chart, three subscale scores with severity levels, and the scoring reference table — as a formatted PDF to share with a healthcare provider.

Anxiety vs Stress — the key distinction: The Anxiety subscale measures acute autonomic arousal — physical symptoms like trembling, breathing difficulty, and panic. The Stress subscale measures chronic non-specific tension — difficulty relaxing, nervous energy, and irritability. You can score high on one and normal on the other, which is clinically meaningful. The DASS-21 is in the public domain (University of New South Wales) — free to use without restriction.

DASS-21 Test: Scoring Thresholds & Score Interpretation

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) was developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) at the University of New South Wales and is one of the most widely used psychological screening instruments globally. It is in the public domain — freely available for clinical, research, and educational use with no fees. The DASS-21 measures the severity of three related but distinct emotional states over the past seven days, producing three independent subscale scores.

DASS-21 Scoring: The Five Severity Levels

The DASS-21 uses five severity levels for each subscale, derived from Lovibond & Lovibond (1995) and validated by Henry & Crawford (2005). DASS-21 scores are calculated by summing raw subscale scores and multiplying by 2 (converting from the 21-item to 42-item scale). Depression thresholds: Normal (0–9), Mild (10–13), Moderate (14–20), Severe (21–27), Extremely Severe (28+). Anxiety thresholds: Normal (0–7), Mild (8–9), Moderate (10–14), Severe (15–19), Extremely Severe (20+). Stress thresholds: Normal (0–14), Mild (15–18), Moderate (19–25), Severe (26–33), Extremely Severe (34+).

Why Scores Are Multiplied by 2

The original DASS had 42 items (14 per subscale). The DASS-21 short form has 7 items per subscale. Multiplying by 2 converts DASS-21 raw scores back to the same scale as the full 42-item version, allowing direct comparison with established normative data and published reference ranges. This is why a raw DASS-21 Depression score of 5 becomes a final score of 10 — corresponding to the Mild range.

Depression vs Anxiety vs Stress: What Each Subscale Measures

The DASS-21 Depression subscale measures dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, anhedonia, and lack of motivation — cognitive and emotional features of depressive states rather than physical symptoms. The Anxiety subscale measures autonomic arousal — physical symptoms including trembling, breathing difficulty, heart racing, sweating, and the fear of losing control. Critically, it does not measure the worry typical of GAD. The Stress subscale measures chronic non-specific arousal — difficulty relaxing, nervous energy, irritability, and impatience. The Anxiety vs Stress distinction is among the most clinically useful features of the DASS: someone can experience chronic stress without panic symptoms, or acute anxiety without background tension.

DASS-21 compared to GAD-7 and PHQ-9
FeatureDASS-21GAD-7PHQ-9
MeasuresDepression + Anxiety + StressAnxiety onlyDepression only
Items21 (3 subscales × 7)79
TimeframePast 7 daysPast 14 daysPast 14 days
Severity levels5 (Normal → Ext. Severe)4 (Minimal → Severe)5 (Minimal → Severe)
LicensePublic domain — freePublic domain — freePfizer license — free for clinical use

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the DASS-21 and is it free to use?

The DASS-21 is a validated 21-item self-report scale measuring depression, anxiety, and stress severity over the past week. Developed by Lovibond & Lovibond (1995) at UNSW, it is in the public domain — free to use for clinical, research, and educational purposes with no restrictions.

What are the DASS-21 scoring thresholds?

Scores are raw subscale totals × 2. Depression: Normal 0–9, Mild 10–13, Moderate 14–20, Severe 21–27, Extremely Severe 28+. Anxiety: Normal 0–7, Mild 8–9, Moderate 10–14, Severe 15–19, Extremely Severe 20+. Stress: Normal 0–14, Mild 15–18, Moderate 19–25, Severe 26–33, Extremely Severe 34+.

What is the difference between DASS-21 Anxiety and Stress?

Anxiety measures acute autonomic arousal — physical panic symptoms (trembling, breathing difficulty, heart pounding). Stress measures chronic non-specific tension — difficulty relaxing, nervous energy, irritability. You can score high on one while normal on the other, which is clinically meaningful for identifying the nature of emotional distress.

Why are DASS-21 scores multiplied by 2?

The original DASS had 42 items. The short form reduced to 21 items. Multiplying by 2 converts scores back to the 42-item scale, enabling comparison with established normative data and published reference ranges.

How does DASS-21 compare to GAD-7 and PHQ-9?

DASS-21 measures all three domains simultaneously but over the past 7 days. GAD-7 focuses exclusively on anxiety (7 items, 14 days). PHQ-9 focuses on depression only (9 items, 14 days). The DASS-21's shorter timeframe makes it more sensitive to current state changes.

Does this replace a formal professional evaluation?

No. The DASS-21 is a screening tool, not a diagnostic instrument. If you score in the Severe or Extremely Severe range on any subscale, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.